binche



G. BINCHE, e. DUPLUS AND H. PRIGNOL. TWD-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

Patented Sept. 23,- 1919.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I5. 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Will/MMM? j 15W/ pa/m Z 6.9/

(1.BINCHE,C.DUP|US AND H. PRIGNOL. TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. I5` 1917.

Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FIG. 2

G. BINCHE, C. DUPIUS AND H. PRIGNOVL. TWO-STROKE CYCLE EXPLOSIONV MOTOR.

l. APPLICATION FILED IAN- I5. 1917.

Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIG.5

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIcE.

GEonGEs BINGHE, or ANGOULEME,

CLAUDE nUPUIs, or Ivar, am: HENRI PEIGNoL, or

LYON, FRANCE.

Two-sTNoKE-GYCLE EXPLOSION-Moron.

Specification of Letters Patent. n Patentedsept. 23, 1919.

Application led January 15,-1917. Serial No. 142,548.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGES BINCHE, CLAUDE DUPUIS, and HENRI PRIGNOL,all citizens of the French Republic, residing at Angouleme, Charente,Ivry, Seine, and Lyon, Rhone, respectively, ing-France, have inventedcertainnew and useful Improvements in Two-@troke-Cycle Explosion-Motors,of which the following is aV specification. t c

'The motor forming the object of the in- `vention is of the type knownas a two cycle motor and is operated by gaseous or liquid volatile ornon-volatile fuels such as lighting gas, gases from gas producers orblast-furnaces, petrol, benzin, alcohol, naphthalene vapors, paraffin,shist oil, heavy oils, etc.

The characteristic features of this motor are as follows 1. Theadmission of the mixture vof air and liquid or gaseous fuel is effectedat a volume and pressure regulatable as desired the mixture 'sucked inbeing then transof mixture into a fixed cylinder and alsoV acts asalguide for the second piston of which it forms4 the cylinder; these twopistons `moving in opposite directions. Each of these pistons isconnected to the motor crank shaft byconnecting rods andsimultaneous'ly7 transmit the energy produced by the explosion of thegaseous mixture to the crank shaft which is consequently balanced.

`These `two pistons are also the sole movable parts of the distributionor valve gear.

3. Perfect andrapid scavenging of the burnt gases is assured and theirmixture with the fresh carbureted gases nrevented 'by the interpositionbetween the burnt gases and carbureted gases of a layer of pure airintroduced at suitable pressure into the exyplosion and expansionchamber, Imme-l diately before the transfusion of the fresh charge ofcarbureted air.

f' 4:. The introduction, transfusion and eX- haust orifices 'areregistered by the two pistons and the valves are actuated by themovement of these pistons without the assistance l of any intermediateactuating member. f

5. The motor `can 'rotate in either direction by reason of the symmetryof its construction. At starting the engine it will rotate in thedirection imparted to it either by hand or by means of a suitablestarter.

In the annexed drawings Figure l is a vertical axial section of themotor at right angles to the motor shaft the pistons being at halfstroke.

Fig. 2 isa vertical axial section passing through the motor shaft thepistons being at the end of their stroke atthe moment of 'exhaust andtransfusion.

i Fig. '3 is a part vertical section showing automatic admission valvemechanism.

Fig. 4 is a part vertical section of Fig. f1'

showinga compensating piston for regulating the'pressure of thecarbureted gases before their introduction into the explosion andexpansion chamber. f

In these various figures the same reference letters indicate the sameparts.

In Fig. l where the pistons are shown in vv'the middle of their stroke,it is supposed `that the direction of rotation of the motor shaft issuch that the piston cylinder a is descending, the said piston cylinderbeing connected to the motor shaft A by the two rods al a1 thetrunnions' azaz and the flyv disks B B fixed to the two parts of saidmotor shaft A.' The head of the piston cylinder is provided with packingsegments which slide in the fixed cylinder c the movement of the'pistoncylinder producing the vacuum and sucking thecarbureted gases atatmospheric pressure into the cylinder c.

vThese gases are introduced through the pipe e and automatically liftthe valve which when there is no suction is malntained on its seat by aspring lor the like. The suction is Vproduced when the piston-cylinder adescends.

Atfthe Sametime the air which fills the annularV space fr and retainedby the valve p lifts-the valves t and is `driven into and compressed in.the annular chamber a- `loss ofl power which is made up by the startingdevice in the case of the first revolution, or by the energy stored inthe disks lB, B during running. The piston?) is connected to the motorshaft by the rod b1 the trunnion b2 and the crank arms or disks B1 B1which connect the crank trunnions a2 a2 and b2.

At the end of the first quarter of a ro- 'tation ignition takes place aswill be explained later on.

At the endof its stroke the piston cylinder a rises again and compressesthe fresh gases in the upperpart of the cylinder c these gases beingadmitted and retained by the automatic valve d.

rlhe orifices 7 situated at the upper part of the piston cylinder 0Lcoincide with or uncover the recesses g in the wall of the cylinder cand thus establish communication for the gases compressed in the upperpart of the cylinder c with the explosion and expansion chambercomprised between the piston cylinder a and the piston and this chamberis filled with fresh gases while the burnt and expanded gases from theprevious charge pass out through the outlet i; after the second quarterrotation the pistons occupy the position shown in Fig. 1 vand continuingtheir movement take the position shown in Fig. 2.

in its rising stroke, the piston cylinder a l has also sucked air intothe annular space r through the valve p.

In the fourth quarter rotation the piston cylinder a'descends, theorifices f areclosed and the carbureted gases present in the explosionchamber are compressed. At the commencement of the following revolutiona fresh charge' of gases is sucked into the 'upper part of the cylinderc, and the air previously sucked into the annular space r and4 retainedby the valve 'p is driven into the chamber s `comprised in the head ofthe piston cylinder c in which it is retained by fthe vaivest which ithad previously lifted to enter said chamber s.

One of lthe openings y coming opposite the sparking plug 7L at themoment when the compression reaches its maximum the ignition takesplace.

The weights of the fly-disks B, B are calculated so that at this momentthe pistons pass the dead point by reason of the speed acquired andVthey are driven by the expansion ofthe gases in opposite directions,

=the piston?) after the expansion of the gases a little before itreaches the bottom of its downward stroke uncovers the exhaust ports z'and the burnt gases are evacuated.

Also the piston cylinder a a little before .reaching the end of itsupward stroke brings the orifices f opposite recesses u formed in thelateral wall of the cylinder c a little below the recesses g previouslydescribed, which puts the compressed air chamber s into communicationwith the explosion and expansion chamber by means of the orifices o f asshown in Fig. 2.

This compressed air immediately expands and continues to drive out theburnt gases a little before the admission of the fresh gases and is thusinterposed between these fresh gases and the burnt gases which latterare completely evacuated without being able to mix with the carburetedgases previously compressed in the upper part of the fixed cylinder cwhen they are in their turn introducedinto the explosion chamber by theorifices f which uncover the recesses g just before the piston cylindera reaches the. end of its stroke and communication of the explosionchamber with the chamber s by the openings and recesses u, c, f, hasbeen interrupted and which prevents the entrance of the carbureted gasesinto said chamber s.

The movement of rotation and the timing continue in the order described.

The orifices and recesses f g u c are equal in number and arrangeddiametrically opposite each other so that the scavenging of the cylindera is rapidly effected.

Since when passing the dead point the parts of the motor are perfectlysymmetrical with respect to the vertical plane containing the axis ofthe motor shaft, and the movement of the parts is the s me in eitherdirection of rotation of the motor, it is evident that the motor isreversible and it is sufiicient to start it in one direction or theother to maintain the rotation in such direction.

To stop the motor it is sufiicient to cut off the fuel supply withoutclosing the pipe e orswitching off the ignition.

Ve have described the principal parts of the motor which is intended tobe operated by means of gaseous or sufliciently volatile fuels to formwith air an explosive mixture; we would add the following remarks:

1. The relative sections of the piston b and cylinder c can bedetermined so that the amount of expansion in different types of motorscan vary. lf for example these sections only difi'er slightly, by makingthe cylinder c slightly larger' thanpiston b, the

mass of carbureted gas forming a charge would only occupy, atatmospheric pressure, a little more than half the maximum ca.- pacity ofthe explosion chamber. If however the section of cylinder c is increasedwithout altering that of the 'piston the types of motors can thus bemade in'each vof which the .expansionof the burnty gases is more or lessextended in the explosion chamber, without having to alter the`compression in the latter for a given length of piston stroke and agiven section of the piston b. In `other words in one type ofymotor' kacharge of carbureted gas could bel sucked in by means ofthe cylinder cwhich charge .at atmospheric ypressure 'would have vtheV volume of themaximum capacity of the explosion chamberwhich would result in alowvexpansion motor. In another type of motora previous charge couldbereduced to nearly half while maintaining the same compression for thetransfusion ofthe charge itbeing sufficient for thisto diminish thesection of the cylinder c without chang- "ing either the section ofthepiston b or the stroke of the pistons. .We are thus able to admit; byutransfusion into the explosion chamber a charge'of carbureted gas whichif it were measured at atmospheric pressure wouldhave a volume eitheryinferior or equal or evenk greater than the maximum capacity of saidchamber while having at the same time suflicient expansion and highcompression. The eater the.y expansion thelless will be" the oss ofheatv and energy atjthe discharge of the burnt gases andi conselquentlythe power ofthe motor willy be greater. l n t Y y The explosion isproduced in the chamber limited by the inner walls of the pistoncylinder a andk by the upper face of the piston b. The explosion of thecarbureted mixyture produces a quantity of heat proportional to thequantity of fuel cm'tain'ed inthe charge since oxygen is present` alwaysin quantity morevthan sufficient to assure complete lcombustion iftheamountof vfuel is correctly proportioned.H Part. ofthis heat passes intothe atmosphere; this loss-'of heat exists inV all thermic motorsy and'in explosion Vor internal combustion motors, it is reducedproportionately asv the expansion of the burnt gases is prolonged.Another partof thecombustion heatfis immediately transformed intomechanical work by the {expansionof the burnt gases and this quantityof, heat utilizedvis so mucligreater as A fr of the piston cylinder a atthe proper mo- Y the expansion ofthe gases is more complete.

The remainder of the heat produced lheats the walls of the explosionchamberj l Owing tothe situation of this chamber thecooling of its wallsit not effected by a water-jacket or by radiator plates; the said wallsYheating, on the one hand,`the fresh air sucked A into thejchamber r,and, on the other hand the charge of carbureted air sucked into theupper part of the cylinder c. The lateral lower walls of the cylinder cand the cylindrical member E2. guiding the piston cylinder a are alonecooled by the direct action of exteriory means (radiator plates or awater jacket)`..y Consequently in the proved motor there is recuperationof the heat transmitted bythe burnt gases to the .walls of the explosionchamber whichlfvincreases theefiiciency of the motor.

4. The method of construction suppresses all anfractuosity capableof-'producing ed-` dies and` of forming obstacles to the move- -ment ofthe gases after ignition-and duringthe expansion;`

5.` The two pistons aand b being keyed Vat 180 during the expansionythe'piston cylinder a acts by traction on the trunnions a2 a2 and the pistonbl acts by pressure on vso y the trunnion b2 of the crank; theseopposite forces deterrn-inethe rotation of the princivpalshaft'withoutcausing an importantreaction on1 the bearings, the longitudinal coupling4rods being balanced..y

Any suitable means of connection .can be used between the motorcylinders andthe bearings of'. the main shaft A; In the con-y'.struction illustrated this connection is effected by means of a casinga3 inclosing the connecting rods and cranks. 1

yAlso any means can be usedffor cooling fthe 'cylinder c for instanceradiator disks Vor as shown in the drawing a water jacket method ofcooling has been foundr inprac-I tice sufficient for proper operation ofthe d motor. i

In Fig. 3'f-a" modification ofthey vdistrib-ution'me'chanisin isillustrated which asin theprevious 'construction is operatedby thedisplacementofthe piston cylinder a. The orifices' f act asbeforedescribed to 4put the chamber s into communication with the top vment bymeans of the recesses u and' the oricomponents of the forces transmittedby the fices U so as to introduce the fresh air which comes between theburnt gases and a fresh charge of carbureted air during the scavengingof the burnt gases and also to put the explosion chamber into relationwith the ignition device. In this modification the recesses g aredispensed with and the introduction of the carbureted gases is effectedby the valves and 7c, the piston a in its down stroke tending to fornia-vacuum in .the upper part of the cylinder 0. 4Owing to the atmosphericpressure the valve j balanced by the spring as allows the quantity ofcarburetedair necessary to ll the cylinderfc to pass therein. The springg/ keeps the valve 7c closed. After the explosion has taken place theVpiston a reascends. The carbureted gases previously admitted arecompressed inthe upper part of the cylinder c. A little before thepiston a reaches the top of its stroke the rod of the valve 7o meets theadjustable abutment z directly after the air compressed in the chamber shas expelled the burnt gases; the valve Vc thenopens and the transfusionof the charge of carbureted air into the' explosion chamb'er iseffected, without Vit being Yable to minglegwith the burnt gases whichare separated from this charge by the air coming out of the chamber s. l1 Y Apart from this slight difference, the working of the motor is thesameas in the case-of Figs. l and2, the various cycles previouslydescribed continue periodically in theorder indicated.

F ig. shows another modification Vfor the purpose of regulating thepressure at which the carbureted gases from the upper part of thecylinder c. aretransfused into the explosion chamber. This device worksas follows: f

In its down stroke the piston-cylinder a forces a charge ofcarburetedgas into the upper part of the cylinder c. During this action the pistonl `driven by the spring m is at its lower position. The pistonvcylindei`a reascending, the automatic valve Z vis closed again and the charge, ofcarbureted air compressed by the head of the piston s acts on the pistonZ and raises it a little before the limit yof compression which is notlto be exceeded is attained, and in such a `manner that this maximumcompression is reached at'the moment when communication is establishedby the recesses gk and the orifices f between the cylinder c and theNexplosion chamber; this is effected by giving the spring m theproperdimensions and strength. While the compensating piston is rising thespace occupied by the charge is increased to the extent ofdisplacementof the aforesaid piston Z and the compression of the charge is thuslimited. As soonfas communication is established between the cylinderv0l and the explosiomny chamber by the recesses g and the orifices f thecharge of carbureted Yair expands, its pressure decreases and thecompensating piston Z driven back by the spring m returns. to its lowerposition beforethe communication with the explosion chamber is againclosed, so that the charge in the cylinder c is transfused into saidchamber.

I/Vhat we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentof the United States is:-*.

l. In a motor of' the character described Vthe combination of a fixedcylinder havin@ vmixture into said fixed cylinder, a valve controllingsaid admission, a piston cylinder sliding in the part of smallerdiameter of the xed cylinder and having an enlarged head provided withan annular chamber and -ports adapted to coincide with one series ofsaid recesses and sliding in the partof the fixed cylinder of largerdiameter so that an annular space is formed between the part of smalldiameter of the piston-cylinder and the part of larger diameter of thefixed cylinder during the movement of the pistoncylinder, a. valve insaid fixed Acylinder for admitting air to said annular space, valves inthe head of the piston cylinder allowing the air compressed in saidannular space by the downward movement of the pistoncylinder headV topass into the annular chamber in'said head, a pistonlinovable withinsaid piston-cylinder and in reverse directions to the movement of saidpiston-cylinder means connecting said piston cylinder to said motorshaft, means for igniting the explosive mixture, means for evacuatingthe burnt gases from the motor and means for transferring thecompressedair inthe annular chamber in the piston head'into the ,spacecomprised between said piston cylinder and piston between the burntgases passing out from said space and the fresh mixture flowing thereinand means for cooling the motor. Y

2. In a motor of the character described the combination of a fixedcylinder having a part of reduced diameterand provided with a series ofcircumferentially Vdisposed recesses in its part of larger diameter,means for? introducing-flic explosive mixture into said fixed cylinder,a valvein the head of said xed cylinder controlling said admission, apiston cylindersliding in the part of smaller diameter of the xedcylinder and having an enlarged head provided with an Vannular chamberand ports adapted to coincide with said recessesand sliding in the partof the fixed cylinder ofV larger diameter so that an iio annular spaceis formed between the part of small diameter of the piston-cylinder andthe part of larger diameter of the fixed cylinder during the movement ofthe piston cylinder, a valve in the head of said piston cylinderadmitting the mixture therein a valve in said fixed cylinder foradmitting air to said annular space, valves in the head of thepiston-cylinder allowing the air compressed in said annular space by thedownward movement of the piston-cylinder head to pass into the annularchamber in said head, a piston movable within said piston-cylinder andin reverse directions to the movement of said piston-cylinder meansconnecting said piston to the motor shaft, means connecting said pistoncylinder to said motor shaft, means for igniting the explosive mixture,means for evacuating the burnt gases from the motor and means fortransferring the compressed air in the annular chamber in the pistonhead into the space comprised between said piston cylinder and pistonbetween the burnt gases passing out from said space and the freshmixture flowing therein and means for cooling the motor.

3. In a motor of the character described the combination of a fixedcylinder having a part of reduced diameter and provided with two seriesof circumferentially disposed recesses in its part of larger diameter,means for introducing the explosive mixture into said fixed cylinder, avalve in the head of said fixed cylinder controllin said admission, apiston cylinder sliding 1n the part of smaller diameter ofthe fixedcylinder and having an enlarged head provided with an annular chamberand ports adapted to coincide with said recesses and slidin in the partof the fixed cylinder of larger iameter, an air admission valve in saidfixed cylinder, valves in the head of the piston cylinder for controllinthe admission of air into the annular c amber, a piston movable Withinsaid piston-cylinder and in reverse directions to the movement of saidpiston-cylinder means connecting said piston to the motor shaft, meansconnecting said piston cylinder to Said motor shaft, means for ignitingthe explosive mixture, means for evaouating the burnt gases from themotor, means for cooling the motor, a cushioning piston in the head ofsaid fixed cylinder and a spring governing the movement of saidcushioning piston. e

In witness whereof we have signed this specification in the presence oftwo witnesses.

Witnesses J EAN GERMAUX, MARIN VAoHoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for tive cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

